I cut this out of Obama's book and set it to the propaganda style poster produced by Shepherd Fairy after listening to his book last November.
This part struck me very deeply, initially for his use of the word 'motherfucker' and his capacity for hitting people who pissed him off, but in reality, this is such a poignant little passage on race, and speaks volumes about Obama and his sense of identity. Give it a listen.
Saturday, 31 October 2009
Obama on Race,
I cut this out of Obama's book and set it to the propaganda style poster produced by Shepherd Fairy after listening to his book last November.
This part struck me very deeply, initially for his use of the word 'motherfucker' and his capacity for hitting people who pissed him off, but in reality, this is such a poignant little passage on race, and speaks volumes about Obama and his sense of identity. Give it a listen.
This part struck me very deeply, initially for his use of the word 'motherfucker' and his capacity for hitting people who pissed him off, but in reality, this is such a poignant little passage on race, and speaks volumes about Obama and his sense of identity. Give it a listen.
DSM IV
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is published by the American Psychiatric Association and provides diagnostic criteria for mental disorders. It is used in the United States and in varying degrees around the world, by clinicians, researchers, psychiatric drug regulation agencies, health insurance companies, pharmaceutical companies and policy makers.
The DSM has attracted controversy and criticism as well as praise. There have been five revisions since it was first published in 1952, gradually including more disorders, though some have been removed and are no longer considered to be mental disorders. It initially evolved out of systems for collecting census and psychiatric hospital statistics, and from a manual developed by theUS Army. The last major revision was the fourth edition ("DSM-IV"), published in 1994, although a "text revision" was produced in 2000. The fifth edition ("DSM-V") is currently in consultation, planning and preparation, due for publication in May 2012.[1] An early draft will be released for comment in 2009. [2] The mental disorders section of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) is another commonly-used guide, used more often in Europe and other parts of the world. The coding system used in the DSM-IV is designed to correspond with the codes used in the ICD, although not all codes may match at all times because the two publications are not revised synchronously.
DSM IV
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is published by the American Psychiatric Association and provides diagnostic criteria for mental disorders. It is used in the United States and in varying degrees around the world, by clinicians, researchers, psychiatric drug regulation agencies, health insurance companies, pharmaceutical companies and policy makers.
The DSM has attracted controversy and criticism as well as praise. There have been five revisions since it was first published in 1952, gradually including more disorders, though some have been removed and are no longer considered to be mental disorders. It initially evolved out of systems for collecting census and psychiatric hospital statistics, and from a manual developed by theUS Army. The last major revision was the fourth edition ("DSM-IV"), published in 1994, although a "text revision" was produced in 2000. The fifth edition ("DSM-V") is currently in consultation, planning and preparation, due for publication in May 2012.[1] An early draft will be released for comment in 2009. [2] The mental disorders section of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) is another commonly-used guide, used more often in Europe and other parts of the world. The coding system used in the DSM-IV is designed to correspond with the codes used in the ICD, although not all codes may match at all times because the two publications are not revised synchronously.
This posting has been removed
Whilst the content of this post remains as true today as it was when I posted it, I have decided it's in everyone's interest for me to remove it for the time being. I hope one day to put it back up again.
For a copy of the original text, please email me.
Thank you
For a copy of the original text, please email me.
Thank you
This posting has been removed
Whilst the content of this post remains as true today as it was when I posted it, I have decided it's in everyone's interest for me to remove it for the time being. I hope one day to put it back up again.
For a copy of the original text, please email me.
Thank you
For a copy of the original text, please email me.
Thank you
Friday, 30 October 2009
Manic Depression and Hypomanic Episodes
Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depressive disorder, manic depressionor bipolar affective disorder, is apsychiatric diagnosis that describes a category of mood disorders defined by the presence of one or more episodes of abnormally elevated mood clinically referred to as mania or, if milder,hypomania. Individuals who experience manic episodes also commonly experience depressive episodes or symptoms, or mixed episodes in which features of both mania and depression are present at the same time. These episodes are usually separated by periods of "normal" mood, but in some individuals, depression and mania may rapidly alternate, known as rapid cycling. Extreme manic episodes can sometimes lead to psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. The disorder has been subdivided into bipolar I, bipolar II, cyclothymia, and other types, based on the nature and severity of mood episodes experienced; the range is often described as the bipolar spectrum.
Hypomanic episode
Main article: Hypomanic episode
Hypomania is generally a mild to moderate level of mania, characterized by optimism, pressure of speech and activity, and decreased need for sleep. Some people have increased creativity while others demonstrate poor judgment and irritability. Others experience hypersexuality. These persons generally have increased energy and tend to become more active than usual. They do not, however, have delusions or hallucinations. Hypomania can be difficult to diagnose because it may masquerade as mere happiness, though it carries the same risks as mania.
Hypomania may feel good to the person who experiences it. Thus, even when family and friends learn to recognize the mood swings, the individual often will deny that anything is wrong.[10]
Manic Depression and Hypomanic Episodes
Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depressive disorder, manic depressionor bipolar affective disorder, is apsychiatric diagnosis that describes a category of mood disorders defined by the presence of one or more episodes of abnormally elevated mood clinically referred to as mania or, if milder,hypomania. Individuals who experience manic episodes also commonly experience depressive episodes or symptoms, or mixed episodes in which features of both mania and depression are present at the same time. These episodes are usually separated by periods of "normal" mood, but in some individuals, depression and mania may rapidly alternate, known as rapid cycling. Extreme manic episodes can sometimes lead to psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. The disorder has been subdivided into bipolar I, bipolar II, cyclothymia, and other types, based on the nature and severity of mood episodes experienced; the range is often described as the bipolar spectrum.
Hypomanic episode
Main article: Hypomanic episode
Hypomania is generally a mild to moderate level of mania, characterized by optimism, pressure of speech and activity, and decreased need for sleep. Some people have increased creativity while others demonstrate poor judgment and irritability. Others experience hypersexuality. These persons generally have increased energy and tend to become more active than usual. They do not, however, have delusions or hallucinations. Hypomania can be difficult to diagnose because it may masquerade as mere happiness, though it carries the same risks as mania.
Hypomania may feel good to the person who experiences it. Thus, even when family and friends learn to recognize the mood swings, the individual often will deny that anything is wrong.[10]
notes on guardian case study..
Guardian Media Group Case Study,
Notes Hour 1 -
The Neda Affair: The change in news dissemination and distribution goes to twitter in a big way.
Youtube is used to desseminate video of Neda being shot to death. Video taken on a mobile phone.
Makes for an interesting study in itself.
Guardian redundancies may continue until June 2009 25 March 2008 By Dominic Ponsford http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=40675
Simple Chronology of the Guardian Timeline:
Guardian Media Group PLC
Guardian Books
Reuters Reference to Guardian
Guardian Media CEO eyes buys ahead of U.S. push
The Guardian Media Group buys a stake in Seven Publishing (april 2004)
GMG annual report
financials (nice graphics)
Buy the style guide
Adinfo for the Guardian, (definitely worth a closer look)
GMG buys Paidcontent.com for $30,000,000
notes on guardian case study..
Guardian Media Group Case Study,
Notes Hour 1 -
The Neda Affair: The change in news dissemination and distribution goes to twitter in a big way.
Youtube is used to desseminate video of Neda being shot to death. Video taken on a mobile phone.
Makes for an interesting study in itself.
Guardian redundancies may continue until June 2009 25 March 2008 By Dominic Ponsford http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?storycode=40675
Simple Chronology of the Guardian Timeline:
Guardian Media Group PLC
Guardian Books
Reuters Reference to Guardian
Guardian Media CEO eyes buys ahead of U.S. push
The Guardian Media Group buys a stake in Seven Publishing (april 2004)
GMG annual report
financials (nice graphics)
Buy the style guide
Adinfo for the Guardian, (definitely worth a closer look)
GMG buys Paidcontent.com for $30,000,000
John McCain's Faith in a Prison Camp in Vietnam
This is the third of the extracts from John McCain's book: "Faith of my Fathers" which struck me particularly whilst I was 'reading' the book.
I found McCain's philosophy and Obama's philosophy were quite sympathetic in some ways, but this, to me at least, highlights an interesting difference in their faiths.
Obama's faith by contrast to McCain's, seems naive, hopeful, optimistic and light. McCain's faith is much more rooted in survival, in carrying on till the last, in trying to get through his horrendous situation, and keep a grip on his sanity.
This passage struck me vividly. Whilst confined to solitary, his legs and arms broken, his feelings of failure towards his admiral father at a peak having signed a confession of guilt, he discovers the creed: "I believe in God the father" scratched into the wall, put there by a previous P.O.W.
Can you imagine what it must feel like, to be in this situation, and to have that flood of recognition and love and connection flow back into you at that moment? To me, this was a revelation.
John McCain's Faith in a Prison Camp in Vietnam
This is the third of the extracts from John McCain's book: "Faith of my Fathers" which struck me particularly whilst I was 'reading' the book.
I found McCain's philosophy and Obama's philosophy were quite sympathetic in some ways, but this, to me at least, highlights an interesting difference in their faiths.
Obama's faith by contrast to McCain's, seems naive, hopeful, optimistic and light. McCain's faith is much more rooted in survival, in carrying on till the last, in trying to get through his horrendous situation, and keep a grip on his sanity.
This passage struck me vividly. Whilst confined to solitary, his legs and arms broken, his feelings of failure towards his admiral father at a peak having signed a confession of guilt, he discovers the creed: "I believe in God the father" scratched into the wall, put there by a previous P.O.W.
Can you imagine what it must feel like, to be in this situation, and to have that flood of recognition and love and connection flow back into you at that moment? To me, this was a revelation.
Thursday, 29 October 2009
Family can be Essential to maintaining Mental Health
Last year I posted this video after listening to Obama's book, "Dreams of my Father".
Listening to the sound of his mellifluous voice, I became entirely charmed by Obama, a zealot no less.
Whilst I was in a pit of black depression, and the world seemed to be coming apart at the very seams, his voice, his positivity, his calm gentle nature gave me something to cling onto.
Listening to the sound of his mellifluous voice, I became entirely charmed by Obama, a zealot no less.
Whilst I was in a pit of black depression, and the world seemed to be coming apart at the very seams, his voice, his positivity, his calm gentle nature gave me something to cling onto.
Family can be Essential to maintaining Mental Health
Last year I posted this video after listening to Obama's book, "Dreams of my Father".
Listening to the sound of his mellifluous voice, I became entirely charmed by Obama, a zealot no less.
Whilst I was in a pit of black depression, and the world seemed to be coming apart at the very seams, his voice, his positivity, his calm gentle nature gave me something to cling onto.
Listening to the sound of his mellifluous voice, I became entirely charmed by Obama, a zealot no less.
Whilst I was in a pit of black depression, and the world seemed to be coming apart at the very seams, his voice, his positivity, his calm gentle nature gave me something to cling onto.
ME and CFS
げんきだええすか？
Health Matters: ME and CFS
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is the most common name[1] given to a variably debilitating disorder or disorders generally defined by persistent fatigue unrelated to exertion and not substantially relieved by rest, and accompanied by the presence of other specific symptoms for a minimum of six months.[2] The disorder may also be referred to as post-viral fatigue syndrome (PVFS, when the condition arises following a flu-like illness), myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), or several other terms. The etiology (cause or origin) of CFS is currently unknown and there is no diagnostic laboratory test or biomarker.[2]
ME and CFS
げんきだええすか？
Health Matters: ME and CFS
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is the most common name[1] given to a variably debilitating disorder or disorders generally defined by persistent fatigue unrelated to exertion and not substantially relieved by rest, and accompanied by the presence of other specific symptoms for a minimum of six months.[2] The disorder may also be referred to as post-viral fatigue syndrome (PVFS, when the condition arises following a flu-like illness), myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), or several other terms. The etiology (cause or origin) of CFS is currently unknown and there is no diagnostic laboratory test or biomarker.[2]
Wednesday, 28 October 2009
Flo Remit for Guardian Online
- Integrate more effectively with other media on the web.
- Involve the audience more in generating and prioritising content.
- Improve the findability of their broad range of content.
- Improve revenue through increased traffic and more effective promotions.
Flo Remit for Guardian Online
- Integrate more effectively with other media on the web.
- Involve the audience more in generating and prioritising content.
- Improve the findability of their broad range of content.
- Improve revenue through increased traffic and more effective promotions.
Joint Interactive Editor of River Online (With Jen Larner)
I'm taking my current role as joint interactive editor for the River
Online quite seriously, and establishing background resources for our
reporters to integrate with each other in order to help drive marketing.
Online quite seriously, and establishing background resources for our
reporters to integrate with each other in order to help drive marketing.
Online resources like this one https://spreadsheets.google.com/ccc?key=0AmUiW0bgxp4mdHBpQ0c2cXF5S3pkRHJZSkRMWlVhVEE&hl=en
can be used to help aggregate student blogs to the KUJSoc website,
not only journalism students, but also half field journalism/politics
students like first-year Mashaal Myler.
Of course as an MA student I won't be at Kingston for long (just till
next June) so I'm encouraging Mashaal and her associates to get
involved with KUJSoc now, and bring students to the elections in may
2010.
I have high hopes for this personal blog however. In the past I've
tried starting this blog and never gotten anywhere with it - yet,
however, this being a newswriting course I'm expecting to be churning
out articles and throwing them up here first, in order that they be
syndicated elsewhere as they're produced, and I've just set up a nice
little email method, whereby I can blog by sending an email out to my
(secret) address.
Seems to work fine, plus i can throw up pictures with ease, so I can
even blog from my mobile phone, which is pretty cool I guess.
All this technology does get in the way however. None of it is worth
anything if you can't actually produce content, and that's what I'm
about right now. That's why I came on this course, specifically so
that I could produce decent content and learn the ins and outs of the
news/entertainment industry.
As usual, there are endless things to 'talk/write' about, but only the
most interesting things ought be published here I feel. Well.. I'm
going to give it my best shot. .
See you on the trail amigos...
Joint Interactive Editor of River Online (With Jen Larner)
I'm taking my current role as joint interactive editor for the River
Online quite seriously, and establishing background resources for our
reporters to integrate with each other in order to help drive marketing.
Online quite seriously, and establishing background resources for our
reporters to integrate with each other in order to help drive marketing.
Online resources like this one https://spreadsheets.google.com/ccc?key=0AmUiW0bgxp4mdHBpQ0c2cXF5S3pkRHJZSkRMWlVhVEE&hl=en
can be used to help aggregate student blogs to the KUJSoc website,
not only journalism students, but also half field journalism/politics
students like first-year Mashaal Myler.
Of course as an MA student I won't be at Kingston for long (just till
next June) so I'm encouraging Mashaal and her associates to get
involved with KUJSoc now, and bring students to the elections in may
2010.
I have high hopes for this personal blog however. In the past I've
tried starting this blog and never gotten anywhere with it - yet,
however, this being a newswriting course I'm expecting to be churning
out articles and throwing them up here first, in order that they be
syndicated elsewhere as they're produced, and I've just set up a nice
little email method, whereby I can blog by sending an email out to my
(secret) address.
Seems to work fine, plus i can throw up pictures with ease, so I can
even blog from my mobile phone, which is pretty cool I guess.
All this technology does get in the way however. None of it is worth
anything if you can't actually produce content, and that's what I'm
about right now. That's why I came on this course, specifically so
that I could produce decent content and learn the ins and outs of the
news/entertainment industry.
As usual, there are endless things to 'talk/write' about, but only the
most interesting things ought be published here I feel. Well.. I'm
going to give it my best shot. .
See you on the trail amigos...
Tuesday, 27 October 2009
Guardian Case Study (Work in Progress)
Journalism Practices – Case Study
By Richard Boase
This case study will focus on the Guardian Media Group, with specific focus on the Guardian.co.uk, the online version of the daily newspaper.
Guardian Media Group - Background
The Guardian newspaper was originally founded by textile traders and merchants in XXXX, and the Guardian Media Group
The Manchester Guardian was founded in Manchester in 1821 by a group of non-conformist businessmen headed by John Edward Taylor,[12] who took advantage of the closure of the more radical Manchester Observer, the paper that had championed the cause of the Peterloo protesters.
The Manchester Guardian was hostile to the Unionist cause in the American Civil War, writing on the news that Abraham Lincoln had been assassinated "of his rule, we can never speak except as a series of acts abhorrent to every true notion of constitutional right and human liberty".[19]
History
The Guardian's Newsroom visitor centre and archive (No 60), with an old sign with the name The Manchester Guardian
The first edition was published on 5 May 1821,[61] at which time The Guardian was a weekly, published on Saturdays and costing 7d.; the stamp duty on newspapers (4d. per sheet) forced the price up so high that it was uneconomic to publish more frequently. When the stamp duty was cut in 1836 The Guardian added a Wednesday edition; with the abolition of the tax in 1855 it became a daily paper costing 2d.
In 1952 the paper took the step of printing news on the front page, replacing the adverts that had hitherto filled that space. Then-editor A. P. Wadsworth wrote: "It is not a thing I like myself, but it seems to be accepted by all the newspaper pundits that it is preferable to be in fashion."
In 1959 the paper dropped "Manchester" from its title, becoming simply The Guardian, and in 1964 it moved to London, losing some of its regional agenda but continuing to be heavily subsidised by sales of the less intellectual but much more profitable Manchester Evening News. The financial position remained extremely poor into the 1970s; at one time it was in merger talks with The Times. The paper consolidated its centre-left stance during the 1970s and 1980s but was both shocked and revitalised by the launch of The Independent in 1986 which competed for a similar readership and provoked the entire broadsheet industry into a fight for circulation.
In 1993 the paper declined to participate in the broadsheet 'price war' started by Rupert Murdoch's The Times. In June 1993, The Guardian bought The Observer from Lonrho, thus gaining a serious Sunday newspaper partner with similar political views.
Its international weekly edition is now titled The Guardian Weekly, though it retained the title Manchester Guardian Weekly for some years after the home edition had moved to London. It includes sections from a number of other internationally significant newspapers of a somewhat left-of-centre inclination, including Le Monde. The Guardian Weekly is also linked to a website for expatriates, Guardian Abroad.
g24 is a constantly-updated electronic newspaper available free of charge. [4] It is downloadable as a PDF file. The contents come from The Guardian and its Sunday sibling The Observer.
C. P. Scott
Its most famous editor, C. P. Scott, made the newspaper nationally recognised. He was editor for 57 years from 1872, and became its owner when he bought the paper from the estate of Taylor's son in 1907.
Under Scott the paper's moderate editorial line became more radical, supporting Gladstone when the Liberals split in 1886, and opposing the Second Boer War against popular opinion.
Scott supported the movement for women's suffrage, but was critical of any tactics by the Suffragettes that involved direct action
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_action
Scott's friendship with Chaim Weizmann played a role in the Balfour Declaration of 1917, and in 1948 The Guardian was a supporter of the State of Israel. Daphna Baram tells the story of The Guardian's relationship with the Zionist movement and Israel in the book "Disenchantment: The Guardian and Israel".[22]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_action
the paper was enthusiastic in its support for Tony Blair in his bid to lead the Labour Party,[28] and to become Prime Minister.[29]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_action
Maggie O'Kane conceded that she and other journalists had been a mouthpiece for war propaganda: "we, the media, were harnessed like beach donkeys and led through the sand to see what the British and US military wanted us to see in this nice clean war." (Guardian 16 December 1995)
Guardian.co.uk – Background
GMG’s Business Strategy
Editorial Policy
The Guardian had a reputation as "an organ of the middle class",[4]
Frederick Engels, The Condition of the Working Class in England, Progress, 1973, p 109.
In the words of C.P. Scott's son Ted "a paper that will remain bourgeois to the last".[5]
MORI poll taken between April and June 2000 showed that 80% of Guardian readers were Labour Party voters;[7]
according to another MORI poll taken in 2005, 48% of Guardian readers were Labour voters and 34% Liberal Democrat voters.[8]
Guardian features editor Ian Katz stated in 2004 that "it is no secret we are a centre-left newspaper".[1]
In 2008, Guardian columnist Jackie Ashley claimed that editorial contributors were a mix of "right-of-centre libertarians, greens, Blairites, Brownites, Labourite but less enthusiastic Brownites, etc .come the next general election, The Guardian's stance will not be dictated by the editor, still less any foreign proprietor (it helps that there isn't one) but will be the result of vigorous debate within the paper."
The paper's comment and opinion pages, though dominated by centre-left writers and academics like Polly Toynbee, allow some space for right-of-centre voices such as Max Hastings.
Web Strategy
The Future
Bibliography
During the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, The Guardian attracted a significant proportion of anti-war readers as one of the mass-media outlets most critical of UK and USA military initiatives. The paper did, however, endorse the argument that Iraq had to be disarmed of 'Weapons of Mass Destruction
Despite its early support for the Zionist movement, in recent decades The Guardian has been accused of being overly critical of Israeli government policy. Bruce Bawer called The Guardian "the British newspaper that can most reliably be counted on to slant stories against Israel and provide column space to anti-Semites".[36]
Harriet Sherwood, The Guardian's foreign editor, has also denied The Guardian has an anti-Israel bias, saying that the paper aims to cover all viewpoints in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.[42]
In the early 2000s, The Guardian challenged the Act of Settlement 1701 and the Treason Felony Act 1848.[45][46]
Ownership
The Guardian Online is part of the GMG, a group which includes radio stations, The Observer newspaper, the Manchester Evening News (MEN) the Guardian Weekly international newspaper, the Guardian Abroad website and Guardian.co.uk
They were owned by the Scott Trust, a charitable foundation until it was replaced in October 2008 by the Scott Trust Ltd. a new limited company designed to protect it from competition and take over bids by media conglomerates like News Corp.
The chair of the trust is Dame Liz Forgan,
The Guardian has been consistently loss-making. The National Newspaper division of GMG, which also includes The Observer, reported operating losses of £49.9m in 2006, up from £18.6m in 2005.[57]
The paper is therefore heavily dependent on cross-subsidisation from profitable companies within the group, including Auto Trader and the Manchester Evening News.
The Guardian's ownership by the Scott Trust is a likely factor in it being the only British national daily to conduct (since 2003) an annual social, ethical and environmental audit in which it examines, under the scrutiny of an independent external auditor, its own behaviour as a company.[58] It is also the only British daily national newspaper to employ an internal ombudsman (called the 'readers' editor') to handle complaints and corrections.
The Guardian and its parent groups participate in Project Syndicate,[59] established by George Soros, and intervened in 1995 to save the Mail & Guardian in South Africa, but Guardian Media Group sold the majority of its shares in the Mail & Guardian in 2002.
[edit]
Format and circulation
Today, The Guardian is printed in full colour.[60] It was also the first newspaper in the UK to use the Berliner format.
Regular content and features
The Saturday edition of The Guardian includes some sections of varying sizes.
On each weekday The Guardian comes with the G2 supplement containing feature articles, columns, television and radio listings, and the quick crossword. Since the change to the Berliner format, there is a separate daily Sport section. Other regular supplements during the week are shown below.
Before the redesign in 2005, the main news section was in the large broadsheet format, but the supplements were all in the half-sized tabloid format, with the exception of the glossy Weekend section which was a 290×245 mm magazine and The Guide which was in a small 225×145 mm format.
With the change of the main section to the Berliner format, the specialist sections are now printed as Berliner, as is a now-daily Sports section, but G2 has moved to a "magazine-sized" demi-Berliner format. A Thursday Technology section and daily science coverage in the news section replaced Life and Online. Weekend and The Guide are still in the same small formats as before the change.
On Monday to Thursday, the supplements carry substantial quantities of recruitment advertising as well as editorial on their specialised topics.
Online media
Main article: guardian.co.uk
The Guardian and its Sunday sibling, The Observer publish all their news online, with free access both to current news and an archive of three million stories. A third of the site's hits are for items over a month old.[67] The website also offers a free printable A4 format PDF 24-hour newspaper, G24[68] – made up of the top stories – and, for a monthly subscription, the complete newspaper in PDF format. It is the second-most popular UK newspaper site[69] with more than 18.5 million users a month, compared with the top site telegraph.co.uk's 18.6 million.
The Guardian also has a number of talkboards that are noted for their mix of political discussion and whimsy. They were spoofed in The Guardian 's own regular humorous Chatroom column in G2. The spoof column purported to be excerpts from a chatroom on permachat.co.uk, a real URL which points to The Guardian's talkboards.
In the 'Comment is Free' section the public is invited to join in rigorous and sometimes bad-tempered debates about political issues. The section is comprised of Guardian columns and online pieces by other contributors, many of whom end up facing heavy criticism from readers. Notable writers who came in for criticism include:
Radio DJ Mike Read upon declaring his support for Boris Johnson in the 2008 London Mayor election[70]
Max Gogarty's travel blog about his trip to India and Thailand, after it was discovered that his father, Paul Gogarty, had also written travel articles for The Guardian, raising charges of nepotism[71]
The paper has also launched a dating website, Soulmates,[72] and is experimenting with new media, having previously offered a free twelve part weekly Podcast series by Ricky Gervais.[73] In January 2006 Gervais' show topped the iTunes podcast chart having been downloaded by two million listeners worldwide,[74] and is scheduled to be listed in the 2007 Guinness Book of Records as the most downloaded Podcast.[75]
Editors
John Edward Taylor (1821–1844)
Jeremiah Garnett (1844–1861) (jointly with Russell Scott Taylor in 1847–1848)
Edward Taylor (1861–1872)
Charles Prestwich Scott (1872–1929)
Ted Scott (1929–1932)
William Percival Crozier (1932–1944)
Alfred Powell Wadsworth (1944–1956)
Alastair Hetherington (1956–1975)
Peter Preston (1975–1995)
Alan Rusbridger (1995–present)
[edit]
In November 2007 The Guardian and The Observer made their archives available over the internet via DigitalArchive. The current extent of the archives available are 1821 to 2000 for The Guardian and 1791 to 2000 for The Observer: these archives will eventually run up to 2003.
[edit]
By Richard Boase
This case study will focus on the Guardian Media Group, with specific focus on the Guardian.co.uk, the online version of the daily newspaper.
Guardian Media Group - Background
The Guardian newspaper was originally founded by textile traders and merchants in XXXX, and the Guardian Media Group
The Manchester Guardian was founded in Manchester in 1821 by a group of non-conformist businessmen headed by John Edward Taylor,[12] who took advantage of the closure of the more radical Manchester Observer, the paper that had championed the cause of the Peterloo protesters.
The Manchester Guardian was hostile to the Unionist cause in the American Civil War, writing on the news that Abraham Lincoln had been assassinated "of his rule, we can never speak except as a series of acts abhorrent to every true notion of constitutional right and human liberty".[19]
History
The Guardian's Newsroom visitor centre and archive (No 60), with an old sign with the name The Manchester Guardian
The first edition was published on 5 May 1821,[61] at which time The Guardian was a weekly, published on Saturdays and costing 7d.; the stamp duty on newspapers (4d. per sheet) forced the price up so high that it was uneconomic to publish more frequently. When the stamp duty was cut in 1836 The Guardian added a Wednesday edition; with the abolition of the tax in 1855 it became a daily paper costing 2d.
In 1952 the paper took the step of printing news on the front page, replacing the adverts that had hitherto filled that space. Then-editor A. P. Wadsworth wrote: "It is not a thing I like myself, but it seems to be accepted by all the newspaper pundits that it is preferable to be in fashion."
In 1959 the paper dropped "Manchester" from its title, becoming simply The Guardian, and in 1964 it moved to London, losing some of its regional agenda but continuing to be heavily subsidised by sales of the less intellectual but much more profitable Manchester Evening News. The financial position remained extremely poor into the 1970s; at one time it was in merger talks with The Times. The paper consolidated its centre-left stance during the 1970s and 1980s but was both shocked and revitalised by the launch of The Independent in 1986 which competed for a similar readership and provoked the entire broadsheet industry into a fight for circulation.
In 1993 the paper declined to participate in the broadsheet 'price war' started by Rupert Murdoch's The Times. In June 1993, The Guardian bought The Observer from Lonrho, thus gaining a serious Sunday newspaper partner with similar political views.
Its international weekly edition is now titled The Guardian Weekly, though it retained the title Manchester Guardian Weekly for some years after the home edition had moved to London. It includes sections from a number of other internationally significant newspapers of a somewhat left-of-centre inclination, including Le Monde. The Guardian Weekly is also linked to a website for expatriates, Guardian Abroad.
g24 is a constantly-updated electronic newspaper available free of charge. [4] It is downloadable as a PDF file. The contents come from The Guardian and its Sunday sibling The Observer.
C. P. Scott
Its most famous editor, C. P. Scott, made the newspaper nationally recognised. He was editor for 57 years from 1872, and became its owner when he bought the paper from the estate of Taylor's son in 1907.
Under Scott the paper's moderate editorial line became more radical, supporting Gladstone when the Liberals split in 1886, and opposing the Second Boer War against popular opinion.
Scott supported the movement for women's suffrage, but was critical of any tactics by the Suffragettes that involved direct action
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_action
Scott's friendship with Chaim Weizmann played a role in the Balfour Declaration of 1917, and in 1948 The Guardian was a supporter of the State of Israel. Daphna Baram tells the story of The Guardian's relationship with the Zionist movement and Israel in the book "Disenchantment: The Guardian and Israel".[22]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_action
the paper was enthusiastic in its support for Tony Blair in his bid to lead the Labour Party,[28] and to become Prime Minister.[29]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_action
Maggie O'Kane conceded that she and other journalists had been a mouthpiece for war propaganda: "we, the media, were harnessed like beach donkeys and led through the sand to see what the British and US military wanted us to see in this nice clean war." (Guardian 16 December 1995)
Guardian.co.uk – Background
GMG’s Business Strategy
Editorial Policy
The Guardian had a reputation as "an organ of the middle class",[4]
Frederick Engels, The Condition of the Working Class in England, Progress, 1973, p 109.
In the words of C.P. Scott's son Ted "a paper that will remain bourgeois to the last".[5]
MORI poll taken between April and June 2000 showed that 80% of Guardian readers were Labour Party voters;[7]
according to another MORI poll taken in 2005, 48% of Guardian readers were Labour voters and 34% Liberal Democrat voters.[8]
Guardian features editor Ian Katz stated in 2004 that "it is no secret we are a centre-left newspaper".[1]
In 2008, Guardian columnist Jackie Ashley claimed that editorial contributors were a mix of "right-of-centre libertarians, greens, Blairites, Brownites, Labourite but less enthusiastic Brownites, etc .come the next general election, The Guardian's stance will not be dictated by the editor, still less any foreign proprietor (it helps that there isn't one) but will be the result of vigorous debate within the paper."
The paper's comment and opinion pages, though dominated by centre-left writers and academics like Polly Toynbee, allow some space for right-of-centre voices such as Max Hastings.
Web Strategy
The Future
Bibliography
During the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, The Guardian attracted a significant proportion of anti-war readers as one of the mass-media outlets most critical of UK and USA military initiatives. The paper did, however, endorse the argument that Iraq had to be disarmed of 'Weapons of Mass Destruction
Despite its early support for the Zionist movement, in recent decades The Guardian has been accused of being overly critical of Israeli government policy. Bruce Bawer called The Guardian "the British newspaper that can most reliably be counted on to slant stories against Israel and provide column space to anti-Semites".[36]
Harriet Sherwood, The Guardian's foreign editor, has also denied The Guardian has an anti-Israel bias, saying that the paper aims to cover all viewpoints in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.[42]
In the early 2000s, The Guardian challenged the Act of Settlement 1701 and the Treason Felony Act 1848.[45][46]
Ownership
The Guardian Online is part of the GMG, a group which includes radio stations, The Observer newspaper, the Manchester Evening News (MEN) the Guardian Weekly international newspaper, the Guardian Abroad website and Guardian.co.uk
They were owned by the Scott Trust, a charitable foundation until it was replaced in October 2008 by the Scott Trust Ltd. a new limited company designed to protect it from competition and take over bids by media conglomerates like News Corp.
The chair of the trust is Dame Liz Forgan,
The Guardian has been consistently loss-making. The National Newspaper division of GMG, which also includes The Observer, reported operating losses of £49.9m in 2006, up from £18.6m in 2005.[57]
The paper is therefore heavily dependent on cross-subsidisation from profitable companies within the group, including Auto Trader and the Manchester Evening News.
The Guardian's ownership by the Scott Trust is a likely factor in it being the only British national daily to conduct (since 2003) an annual social, ethical and environmental audit in which it examines, under the scrutiny of an independent external auditor, its own behaviour as a company.[58] It is also the only British daily national newspaper to employ an internal ombudsman (called the 'readers' editor') to handle complaints and corrections.
The Guardian and its parent groups participate in Project Syndicate,[59] established by George Soros, and intervened in 1995 to save the Mail & Guardian in South Africa, but Guardian Media Group sold the majority of its shares in the Mail & Guardian in 2002.
[edit]
Format and circulation
Today, The Guardian is printed in full colour.[60] It was also the first newspaper in the UK to use the Berliner format.
Regular content and features
The Saturday edition of The Guardian includes some sections of varying sizes.
On each weekday The Guardian comes with the G2 supplement containing feature articles, columns, television and radio listings, and the quick crossword. Since the change to the Berliner format, there is a separate daily Sport section. Other regular supplements during the week are shown below.
Before the redesign in 2005, the main news section was in the large broadsheet format, but the supplements were all in the half-sized tabloid format, with the exception of the glossy Weekend section which was a 290×245 mm magazine and The Guide which was in a small 225×145 mm format.
With the change of the main section to the Berliner format, the specialist sections are now printed as Berliner, as is a now-daily Sports section, but G2 has moved to a "magazine-sized" demi-Berliner format. A Thursday Technology section and daily science coverage in the news section replaced Life and Online. Weekend and The Guide are still in the same small formats as before the change.
On Monday to Thursday, the supplements carry substantial quantities of recruitment advertising as well as editorial on their specialised topics.
Online media
Main article: guardian.co.uk
The Guardian and its Sunday sibling, The Observer publish all their news online, with free access both to current news and an archive of three million stories. A third of the site's hits are for items over a month old.[67] The website also offers a free printable A4 format PDF 24-hour newspaper, G24[68] – made up of the top stories – and, for a monthly subscription, the complete newspaper in PDF format. It is the second-most popular UK newspaper site[69] with more than 18.5 million users a month, compared with the top site telegraph.co.uk's 18.6 million.
The Guardian also has a number of talkboards that are noted for their mix of political discussion and whimsy. They were spoofed in The Guardian 's own regular humorous Chatroom column in G2. The spoof column purported to be excerpts from a chatroom on permachat.co.uk, a real URL which points to The Guardian's talkboards.
In the 'Comment is Free' section the public is invited to join in rigorous and sometimes bad-tempered debates about political issues. The section is comprised of Guardian columns and online pieces by other contributors, many of whom end up facing heavy criticism from readers. Notable writers who came in for criticism include:
Radio DJ Mike Read upon declaring his support for Boris Johnson in the 2008 London Mayor election[70]
Max Gogarty's travel blog about his trip to India and Thailand, after it was discovered that his father, Paul Gogarty, had also written travel articles for The Guardian, raising charges of nepotism[71]
The paper has also launched a dating website, Soulmates,[72] and is experimenting with new media, having previously offered a free twelve part weekly Podcast series by Ricky Gervais.[73] In January 2006 Gervais' show topped the iTunes podcast chart having been downloaded by two million listeners worldwide,[74] and is scheduled to be listed in the 2007 Guinness Book of Records as the most downloaded Podcast.[75]
Editors
John Edward Taylor (1821–1844)
Jeremiah Garnett (1844–1861) (jointly with Russell Scott Taylor in 1847–1848)
Edward Taylor (1861–1872)
Charles Prestwich Scott (1872–1929)
Ted Scott (1929–1932)
William Percival Crozier (1932–1944)
Alfred Powell Wadsworth (1944–1956)
Alastair Hetherington (1956–1975)
Peter Preston (1975–1995)
Alan Rusbridger (1995–present)
[edit]
In November 2007 The Guardian and The Observer made their archives available over the internet via DigitalArchive. The current extent of the archives available are 1821 to 2000 for The Guardian and 1791 to 2000 for The Observer: these archives will eventually run up to 2003.
[edit]
Guardian Case Study (Work in Progress)
Journalism Practices – Case Study
By Richard Boase
This case study will focus on the Guardian Media Group, with specific focus on the Guardian.co.uk, the online version of the daily newspaper.
Guardian Media Group - Background
The Guardian newspaper was originally founded by textile traders and merchants in XXXX, and the Guardian Media Group
The Manchester Guardian was founded in Manchester in 1821 by a group of non-conformist businessmen headed by John Edward Taylor,[12] who took advantage of the closure of the more radical Manchester Observer, the paper that had championed the cause of the Peterloo protesters.
The Manchester Guardian was hostile to the Unionist cause in the American Civil War, writing on the news that Abraham Lincoln had been assassinated "of his rule, we can never speak except as a series of acts abhorrent to every true notion of constitutional right and human liberty".[19]
History
The Guardian's Newsroom visitor centre and archive (No 60), with an old sign with the name The Manchester Guardian
The first edition was published on 5 May 1821,[61] at which time The Guardian was a weekly, published on Saturdays and costing 7d.; the stamp duty on newspapers (4d. per sheet) forced the price up so high that it was uneconomic to publish more frequently. When the stamp duty was cut in 1836 The Guardian added a Wednesday edition; with the abolition of the tax in 1855 it became a daily paper costing 2d.
In 1952 the paper took the step of printing news on the front page, replacing the adverts that had hitherto filled that space. Then-editor A. P. Wadsworth wrote: "It is not a thing I like myself, but it seems to be accepted by all the newspaper pundits that it is preferable to be in fashion."
In 1959 the paper dropped "Manchester" from its title, becoming simply The Guardian, and in 1964 it moved to London, losing some of its regional agenda but continuing to be heavily subsidised by sales of the less intellectual but much more profitable Manchester Evening News. The financial position remained extremely poor into the 1970s; at one time it was in merger talks with The Times. The paper consolidated its centre-left stance during the 1970s and 1980s but was both shocked and revitalised by the launch of The Independent in 1986 which competed for a similar readership and provoked the entire broadsheet industry into a fight for circulation.
In 1993 the paper declined to participate in the broadsheet 'price war' started by Rupert Murdoch's The Times. In June 1993, The Guardian bought The Observer from Lonrho, thus gaining a serious Sunday newspaper partner with similar political views.
Its international weekly edition is now titled The Guardian Weekly, though it retained the title Manchester Guardian Weekly for some years after the home edition had moved to London. It includes sections from a number of other internationally significant newspapers of a somewhat left-of-centre inclination, including Le Monde. The Guardian Weekly is also linked to a website for expatriates, Guardian Abroad.
g24 is a constantly-updated electronic newspaper available free of charge. [4] It is downloadable as a PDF file. The contents come from The Guardian and its Sunday sibling The Observer.
C. P. Scott
Its most famous editor, C. P. Scott, made the newspaper nationally recognised. He was editor for 57 years from 1872, and became its owner when he bought the paper from the estate of Taylor's son in 1907.
Under Scott the paper's moderate editorial line became more radical, supporting Gladstone when the Liberals split in 1886, and opposing the Second Boer War against popular opinion.
Scott supported the movement for women's suffrage, but was critical of any tactics by the Suffragettes that involved direct action
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_action
Scott's friendship with Chaim Weizmann played a role in the Balfour Declaration of 1917, and in 1948 The Guardian was a supporter of the State of Israel. Daphna Baram tells the story of The Guardian's relationship with the Zionist movement and Israel in the book "Disenchantment: The Guardian and Israel".[22]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_action
the paper was enthusiastic in its support for Tony Blair in his bid to lead the Labour Party,[28] and to become Prime Minister.[29]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_action
Maggie O'Kane conceded that she and other journalists had been a mouthpiece for war propaganda: "we, the media, were harnessed like beach donkeys and led through the sand to see what the British and US military wanted us to see in this nice clean war." (Guardian 16 December 1995)
Guardian.co.uk – Background
GMG’s Business Strategy
Editorial Policy
The Guardian had a reputation as "an organ of the middle class",[4]
Frederick Engels, The Condition of the Working Class in England, Progress, 1973, p 109.
In the words of C.P. Scott's son Ted "a paper that will remain bourgeois to the last".[5]
MORI poll taken between April and June 2000 showed that 80% of Guardian readers were Labour Party voters;[7]
according to another MORI poll taken in 2005, 48% of Guardian readers were Labour voters and 34% Liberal Democrat voters.[8]
Guardian features editor Ian Katz stated in 2004 that "it is no secret we are a centre-left newspaper".[1]
In 2008, Guardian columnist Jackie Ashley claimed that editorial contributors were a mix of "right-of-centre libertarians, greens, Blairites, Brownites, Labourite but less enthusiastic Brownites, etc .come the next general election, The Guardian's stance will not be dictated by the editor, still less any foreign proprietor (it helps that there isn't one) but will be the result of vigorous debate within the paper."
The paper's comment and opinion pages, though dominated by centre-left writers and academics like Polly Toynbee, allow some space for right-of-centre voices such as Max Hastings.
Web Strategy
The Future
Bibliography
During the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, The Guardian attracted a significant proportion of anti-war readers as one of the mass-media outlets most critical of UK and USA military initiatives. The paper did, however, endorse the argument that Iraq had to be disarmed of 'Weapons of Mass Destruction
Despite its early support for the Zionist movement, in recent decades The Guardian has been accused of being overly critical of Israeli government policy. Bruce Bawer called The Guardian "the British newspaper that can most reliably be counted on to slant stories against Israel and provide column space to anti-Semites".[36]
Harriet Sherwood, The Guardian's foreign editor, has also denied The Guardian has an anti-Israel bias, saying that the paper aims to cover all viewpoints in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.[42]
In the early 2000s, The Guardian challenged the Act of Settlement 1701 and the Treason Felony Act 1848.[45][46]
Ownership
The Guardian Online is part of the GMG, a group which includes radio stations, The Observer newspaper, the Manchester Evening News (MEN) the Guardian Weekly international newspaper, the Guardian Abroad website and Guardian.co.uk
They were owned by the Scott Trust, a charitable foundation until it was replaced in October 2008 by the Scott Trust Ltd. a new limited company designed to protect it from competition and take over bids by media conglomerates like News Corp.
The chair of the trust is Dame Liz Forgan,
The Guardian has been consistently loss-making. The National Newspaper division of GMG, which also includes The Observer, reported operating losses of £49.9m in 2006, up from £18.6m in 2005.[57]
The paper is therefore heavily dependent on cross-subsidisation from profitable companies within the group, including Auto Trader and the Manchester Evening News.
The Guardian's ownership by the Scott Trust is a likely factor in it being the only British national daily to conduct (since 2003) an annual social, ethical and environmental audit in which it examines, under the scrutiny of an independent external auditor, its own behaviour as a company.[58] It is also the only British daily national newspaper to employ an internal ombudsman (called the 'readers' editor') to handle complaints and corrections.
The Guardian and its parent groups participate in Project Syndicate,[59] established by George Soros, and intervened in 1995 to save the Mail & Guardian in South Africa, but Guardian Media Group sold the majority of its shares in the Mail & Guardian in 2002.
[edit]
Format and circulation
Today, The Guardian is printed in full colour.[60] It was also the first newspaper in the UK to use the Berliner format.
Regular content and features
The Saturday edition of The Guardian includes some sections of varying sizes.
On each weekday The Guardian comes with the G2 supplement containing feature articles, columns, television and radio listings, and the quick crossword. Since the change to the Berliner format, there is a separate daily Sport section. Other regular supplements during the week are shown below.
Before the redesign in 2005, the main news section was in the large broadsheet format, but the supplements were all in the half-sized tabloid format, with the exception of the glossy Weekend section which was a 290×245 mm magazine and The Guide which was in a small 225×145 mm format.
With the change of the main section to the Berliner format, the specialist sections are now printed as Berliner, as is a now-daily Sports section, but G2 has moved to a "magazine-sized" demi-Berliner format. A Thursday Technology section and daily science coverage in the news section replaced Life and Online. Weekend and The Guide are still in the same small formats as before the change.
On Monday to Thursday, the supplements carry substantial quantities of recruitment advertising as well as editorial on their specialised topics.
Online media
Main article: guardian.co.uk
The Guardian and its Sunday sibling, The Observer publish all their news online, with free access both to current news and an archive of three million stories. A third of the site's hits are for items over a month old.[67] The website also offers a free printable A4 format PDF 24-hour newspaper, G24[68] – made up of the top stories – and, for a monthly subscription, the complete newspaper in PDF format. It is the second-most popular UK newspaper site[69] with more than 18.5 million users a month, compared with the top site telegraph.co.uk's 18.6 million.
The Guardian also has a number of talkboards that are noted for their mix of political discussion and whimsy. They were spoofed in The Guardian 's own regular humorous Chatroom column in G2. The spoof column purported to be excerpts from a chatroom on permachat.co.uk, a real URL which points to The Guardian's talkboards.
In the 'Comment is Free' section the public is invited to join in rigorous and sometimes bad-tempered debates about political issues. The section is comprised of Guardian columns and online pieces by other contributors, many of whom end up facing heavy criticism from readers. Notable writers who came in for criticism include:
Radio DJ Mike Read upon declaring his support for Boris Johnson in the 2008 London Mayor election[70]
Max Gogarty's travel blog about his trip to India and Thailand, after it was discovered that his father, Paul Gogarty, had also written travel articles for The Guardian, raising charges of nepotism[71]
The paper has also launched a dating website, Soulmates,[72] and is experimenting with new media, having previously offered a free twelve part weekly Podcast series by Ricky Gervais.[73] In January 2006 Gervais' show topped the iTunes podcast chart having been downloaded by two million listeners worldwide,[74] and is scheduled to be listed in the 2007 Guinness Book of Records as the most downloaded Podcast.[75]
Editors
John Edward Taylor (1821–1844)
Jeremiah Garnett (1844–1861) (jointly with Russell Scott Taylor in 1847–1848)
Edward Taylor (1861–1872)
Charles Prestwich Scott (1872–1929)
Ted Scott (1929–1932)
William Percival Crozier (1932–1944)
Alfred Powell Wadsworth (1944–1956)
Alastair Hetherington (1956–1975)
Peter Preston (1975–1995)
Alan Rusbridger (1995–present)
[edit]
In November 2007 The Guardian and The Observer made their archives available over the internet via DigitalArchive. The current extent of the archives available are 1821 to 2000 for The Guardian and 1791 to 2000 for The Observer: these archives will eventually run up to 2003.
[edit]
By Richard Boase
This case study will focus on the Guardian Media Group, with specific focus on the Guardian.co.uk, the online version of the daily newspaper.
Guardian Media Group - Background
The Guardian newspaper was originally founded by textile traders and merchants in XXXX, and the Guardian Media Group
The Manchester Guardian was founded in Manchester in 1821 by a group of non-conformist businessmen headed by John Edward Taylor,[12] who took advantage of the closure of the more radical Manchester Observer, the paper that had championed the cause of the Peterloo protesters.
The Manchester Guardian was hostile to the Unionist cause in the American Civil War, writing on the news that Abraham Lincoln had been assassinated "of his rule, we can never speak except as a series of acts abhorrent to every true notion of constitutional right and human liberty".[19]
History
The Guardian's Newsroom visitor centre and archive (No 60), with an old sign with the name The Manchester Guardian
The first edition was published on 5 May 1821,[61] at which time The Guardian was a weekly, published on Saturdays and costing 7d.; the stamp duty on newspapers (4d. per sheet) forced the price up so high that it was uneconomic to publish more frequently. When the stamp duty was cut in 1836 The Guardian added a Wednesday edition; with the abolition of the tax in 1855 it became a daily paper costing 2d.
In 1952 the paper took the step of printing news on the front page, replacing the adverts that had hitherto filled that space. Then-editor A. P. Wadsworth wrote: "It is not a thing I like myself, but it seems to be accepted by all the newspaper pundits that it is preferable to be in fashion."
In 1959 the paper dropped "Manchester" from its title, becoming simply The Guardian, and in 1964 it moved to London, losing some of its regional agenda but continuing to be heavily subsidised by sales of the less intellectual but much more profitable Manchester Evening News. The financial position remained extremely poor into the 1970s; at one time it was in merger talks with The Times. The paper consolidated its centre-left stance during the 1970s and 1980s but was both shocked and revitalised by the launch of The Independent in 1986 which competed for a similar readership and provoked the entire broadsheet industry into a fight for circulation.
In 1993 the paper declined to participate in the broadsheet 'price war' started by Rupert Murdoch's The Times. In June 1993, The Guardian bought The Observer from Lonrho, thus gaining a serious Sunday newspaper partner with similar political views.
Its international weekly edition is now titled The Guardian Weekly, though it retained the title Manchester Guardian Weekly for some years after the home edition had moved to London. It includes sections from a number of other internationally significant newspapers of a somewhat left-of-centre inclination, including Le Monde. The Guardian Weekly is also linked to a website for expatriates, Guardian Abroad.
g24 is a constantly-updated electronic newspaper available free of charge. [4] It is downloadable as a PDF file. The contents come from The Guardian and its Sunday sibling The Observer.
C. P. Scott
Its most famous editor, C. P. Scott, made the newspaper nationally recognised. He was editor for 57 years from 1872, and became its owner when he bought the paper from the estate of Taylor's son in 1907.
Under Scott the paper's moderate editorial line became more radical, supporting Gladstone when the Liberals split in 1886, and opposing the Second Boer War against popular opinion.
Scott supported the movement for women's suffrage, but was critical of any tactics by the Suffragettes that involved direct action
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_action
Scott's friendship with Chaim Weizmann played a role in the Balfour Declaration of 1917, and in 1948 The Guardian was a supporter of the State of Israel. Daphna Baram tells the story of The Guardian's relationship with the Zionist movement and Israel in the book "Disenchantment: The Guardian and Israel".[22]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_action
the paper was enthusiastic in its support for Tony Blair in his bid to lead the Labour Party,[28] and to become Prime Minister.[29]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_action
Maggie O'Kane conceded that she and other journalists had been a mouthpiece for war propaganda: "we, the media, were harnessed like beach donkeys and led through the sand to see what the British and US military wanted us to see in this nice clean war." (Guardian 16 December 1995)
Guardian.co.uk – Background
GMG’s Business Strategy
Editorial Policy
The Guardian had a reputation as "an organ of the middle class",[4]
Frederick Engels, The Condition of the Working Class in England, Progress, 1973, p 109.
In the words of C.P. Scott's son Ted "a paper that will remain bourgeois to the last".[5]
MORI poll taken between April and June 2000 showed that 80% of Guardian readers were Labour Party voters;[7]
according to another MORI poll taken in 2005, 48% of Guardian readers were Labour voters and 34% Liberal Democrat voters.[8]
Guardian features editor Ian Katz stated in 2004 that "it is no secret we are a centre-left newspaper".[1]
In 2008, Guardian columnist Jackie Ashley claimed that editorial contributors were a mix of "right-of-centre libertarians, greens, Blairites, Brownites, Labourite but less enthusiastic Brownites, etc .come the next general election, The Guardian's stance will not be dictated by the editor, still less any foreign proprietor (it helps that there isn't one) but will be the result of vigorous debate within the paper."
The paper's comment and opinion pages, though dominated by centre-left writers and academics like Polly Toynbee, allow some space for right-of-centre voices such as Max Hastings.
Web Strategy
The Future
Bibliography
During the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, The Guardian attracted a significant proportion of anti-war readers as one of the mass-media outlets most critical of UK and USA military initiatives. The paper did, however, endorse the argument that Iraq had to be disarmed of 'Weapons of Mass Destruction
Despite its early support for the Zionist movement, in recent decades The Guardian has been accused of being overly critical of Israeli government policy. Bruce Bawer called The Guardian "the British newspaper that can most reliably be counted on to slant stories against Israel and provide column space to anti-Semites".[36]
Harriet Sherwood, The Guardian's foreign editor, has also denied The Guardian has an anti-Israel bias, saying that the paper aims to cover all viewpoints in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.[42]
In the early 2000s, The Guardian challenged the Act of Settlement 1701 and the Treason Felony Act 1848.[45][46]
Ownership
The Guardian Online is part of the GMG, a group which includes radio stations, The Observer newspaper, the Manchester Evening News (MEN) the Guardian Weekly international newspaper, the Guardian Abroad website and Guardian.co.uk
They were owned by the Scott Trust, a charitable foundation until it was replaced in October 2008 by the Scott Trust Ltd. a new limited company designed to protect it from competition and take over bids by media conglomerates like News Corp.
The chair of the trust is Dame Liz Forgan,
The Guardian has been consistently loss-making. The National Newspaper division of GMG, which also includes The Observer, reported operating losses of £49.9m in 2006, up from £18.6m in 2005.[57]
The paper is therefore heavily dependent on cross-subsidisation from profitable companies within the group, including Auto Trader and the Manchester Evening News.
The Guardian's ownership by the Scott Trust is a likely factor in it being the only British national daily to conduct (since 2003) an annual social, ethical and environmental audit in which it examines, under the scrutiny of an independent external auditor, its own behaviour as a company.[58] It is also the only British daily national newspaper to employ an internal ombudsman (called the 'readers' editor') to handle complaints and corrections.
The Guardian and its parent groups participate in Project Syndicate,[59] established by George Soros, and intervened in 1995 to save the Mail & Guardian in South Africa, but Guardian Media Group sold the majority of its shares in the Mail & Guardian in 2002.
[edit]
Format and circulation
Today, The Guardian is printed in full colour.[60] It was also the first newspaper in the UK to use the Berliner format.
Regular content and features
The Saturday edition of The Guardian includes some sections of varying sizes.
On each weekday The Guardian comes with the G2 supplement containing feature articles, columns, television and radio listings, and the quick crossword. Since the change to the Berliner format, there is a separate daily Sport section. Other regular supplements during the week are shown below.
Before the redesign in 2005, the main news section was in the large broadsheet format, but the supplements were all in the half-sized tabloid format, with the exception of the glossy Weekend section which was a 290×245 mm magazine and The Guide which was in a small 225×145 mm format.
With the change of the main section to the Berliner format, the specialist sections are now printed as Berliner, as is a now-daily Sports section, but G2 has moved to a "magazine-sized" demi-Berliner format. A Thursday Technology section and daily science coverage in the news section replaced Life and Online. Weekend and The Guide are still in the same small formats as before the change.
On Monday to Thursday, the supplements carry substantial quantities of recruitment advertising as well as editorial on their specialised topics.
Online media
Main article: guardian.co.uk
The Guardian and its Sunday sibling, The Observer publish all their news online, with free access both to current news and an archive of three million stories. A third of the site's hits are for items over a month old.[67] The website also offers a free printable A4 format PDF 24-hour newspaper, G24[68] – made up of the top stories – and, for a monthly subscription, the complete newspaper in PDF format. It is the second-most popular UK newspaper site[69] with more than 18.5 million users a month, compared with the top site telegraph.co.uk's 18.6 million.
The Guardian also has a number of talkboards that are noted for their mix of political discussion and whimsy. They were spoofed in The Guardian 's own regular humorous Chatroom column in G2. The spoof column purported to be excerpts from a chatroom on permachat.co.uk, a real URL which points to The Guardian's talkboards.
In the 'Comment is Free' section the public is invited to join in rigorous and sometimes bad-tempered debates about political issues. The section is comprised of Guardian columns and online pieces by other contributors, many of whom end up facing heavy criticism from readers. Notable writers who came in for criticism include:
Radio DJ Mike Read upon declaring his support for Boris Johnson in the 2008 London Mayor election[70]
Max Gogarty's travel blog about his trip to India and Thailand, after it was discovered that his father, Paul Gogarty, had also written travel articles for The Guardian, raising charges of nepotism[71]
The paper has also launched a dating website, Soulmates,[72] and is experimenting with new media, having previously offered a free twelve part weekly Podcast series by Ricky Gervais.[73] In January 2006 Gervais' show topped the iTunes podcast chart having been downloaded by two million listeners worldwide,[74] and is scheduled to be listed in the 2007 Guinness Book of Records as the most downloaded Podcast.[75]
Editors
John Edward Taylor (1821–1844)
Jeremiah Garnett (1844–1861) (jointly with Russell Scott Taylor in 1847–1848)
Edward Taylor (1861–1872)
Charles Prestwich Scott (1872–1929)
Ted Scott (1929–1932)
William Percival Crozier (1932–1944)
Alfred Powell Wadsworth (1944–1956)
Alastair Hetherington (1956–1975)
Peter Preston (1975–1995)
Alan Rusbridger (1995–present)
[edit]
In November 2007 The Guardian and The Observer made their archives available over the internet via DigitalArchive. The current extent of the archives available are 1821 to 2000 for The Guardian and 1791 to 2000 for The Observer: these archives will eventually run up to 2003.
[edit]
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